Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Iem power systems is a premier supplier of electrical equipment and substation packages. Below is the list of some of the important components of substation. This specification covers the electrical and mechanical characteristics of eatons cooper power series 30012,000 kva threephase substation distribution transformers. Consider also that systems from separate vendors often are used. In order to ensure the proper functioning of substations and related equipment such as linemounted switches and capacitors, most. Substation reliability modelling enables customers to understand the risk associated to each of its components. Maintenance and operation of an electrical substation of. Introduction to substations annotated instructors guide module overview this module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an introduction to typical substation components included. Components and substations for electrical transmission and. Electric substations are the part of the power system and used for transferring power from generating points to load centers.
The main difference between a residential substation and a large industrial substation is the voltage and power levels involved. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. It has been well documented that failures in key procedures such as racking mechanisms, meters, relays and busses are among the most common source of unplanned outages. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. There is a menu bar called conversion tools, which has most of the tools required. The main function of the substation is to collect the energy transmitted at high voltage from the generating station and then reduce the voltage to an appropriate value for local distribution and gives facilities for switching. Depending upon the availability of resources these stations are constructed. Many outgoing and incoming circuits are connected to it busbars. Electrical power substation engineering and layout. Generating the electricity and sending it to the power grid. Part 1 also provides an overview of substation major equipment, explaining the mission, and arrangement of each component. The power transformer, circuit breaker, busbar, insulator, lightning arrester are the main components of an electrical substation. The first type is the switchyard at a generating station. Electrical substation now days the electrical power demand is increasing very rapidly.
Basic substation configurations and the components avo training. Electrical system elements interconnected power systems are the largest physical machines in existence. Customer substation manual 6272019 table of contents page 2 of 82 section description 0 preface 010. The substations are mainly used to convert ac alternating current to dc direct current. Ranked 27th in quality of electricity supply source wef. Substation a part of an electrical transmission system that transforms voltage from high to low, or the reverse. Switching station a part of an electrical transmission system that ties two or more electric circuits together through switches, to permit a circuit to be disconnected, or to change the electric connection between circuits.
Basic elements of substation equipment 1 busbars conductors carrying power to individual branches 2 branches equipment for carrying power to grid lines. This pool of electrons is available for electronic components to use. A mini project report on operation and maintenance of 2202kv substation submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in electrical and electronics engineering submitted by v. Substations a substation is a highvoltage electric system facility. Electrical stations substations by purpose transformer stations switching stations.
Part 3 of the course fundamentals of modern electrical substations is concentrated on substation engineering aspects, which may be very challenging and require from utility companies engineers a very diverse knowledge and experience to address these aspects. How new technologies can improve monitoring and control by lourenco teodoro, indusoft substations are a critical component for maintaining electrical supply and load control in low voltage, medium voltage and high voltage electrical distribution networks. If you use blocks for your standard components, its fairly easy to upgrade a dwg. Electrical substation maintenance is a key component of any substation owners electrical maintenance program.
All rus borrowers rus electric staff effective date. What is a electrical substation definition, layout, and. Cost of an sas is not driven by hardware but rather by configuration work 32. Transmission, sub transmission and distribution substation 4. A substation is an electrical system with highvoltage capacity and can be used to control the apparatus, generators, electrical circuits, etc. Substation substation a station in the power transmission system at which electric power is transformed to a conveniently used form. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and their main components. Single line diagram of 11kv substation substation provides the energy supply for the local area in which the line is located.
Doc 379 kb, 1012015 functional specification for threephase substation distribution transformers 30012,000 kva pdf. The station may consist of transformers, switches, circuit breakers and other auxilliary equipment. An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an. High voltage components power plant switching station switchyard substation substation a station in the power transmission system at which electric power is transformed to a conveniently used form. To keep it balanced operators will ramp power up or down, or drop load. These components are connected in a definite sequence such that a ckt. These power generating stations may be hydroelectric, thermal or atomic. The typical constructive solution for an internal substation with prefabricated equipment is the. Electric substations with equipment used to convert highvoltage, extrahighvoltage ehv, or ultrahighvoltage uhv transmission lines to the intermediate voltage subtransmission lines or to switch subtransmission circuits operating at voltages in the range of 34. Recent technological develop ments have had a tremendous impact on all. Listed are electrical substation equipment like transformers, busbar, isolator, capacitor bank, switchyard etc joined together to deliver power. An electrical substation is an installation with electrical equipment capable of interrupting or establishing electrical circuits and changing the voltage, frequency, or other characteristics of the electrical energy flowing in the circuits.
Our team has a thorough knowledge of substation design, as well as wealth of. Electrical substation components, workings and their functions. Vuspec page 3 ieee 12402000 r2012, ieee guide for the evaluation of the reliability of hvdc converter stations ieee 12462011, ieee guide for temporary protective grounding systems used in substations. The primary components include the transmission structures, conductors. Different types of relays and their working elprocus. In most parts of the world, the transformers in residential substations typically have threephase voltage on their primary side, and they. The input for a distribution substation is typically at least two transmission or subtransmission lines. Purpose of substations in general, a substation is a power system facility that contains power system components such as. An indoor substation houses all electrical equipment within the walls of a building. Introduction in our present society that is greatly dependent on electric power, substation technology plays an important role in the stable and highquality transmission of electric energy. These facilities connect the generators to the utility grid and also provide offsite power to the plant. Reli ability centered maintenance strategy is based on optimizing maintenance investment by limiting the execution of unneces sary tasks while focusing on substation components repre. What is distribution substation and its main components. Substation automation system sas provides protection, control, automation, monitoring, and communication capabilities as a part of a comprehensive substation control and monitoring solution.
Electrical essentials training courtesy of the company i work for. The electrical substation is the part of a power system in which the voltage. Technical guide the mvlv transformer substations abb group. Substation automation systems can have several 10s to 100 different programmable devices. Some of the important components of substation are.
Development of an electrical substation equipment performance database for evaluation of equipment fragilities. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 1. Distribution voltages are typically medium voltage, between 2. Unesco eolss sample chapters electrical energy systems components and substations for electrical transmission and distribution systems b. Some types of substations are tiny in size with an inbuilt transformer as well as related switches. This electrical substation and switchyard design course focus on elementary safety standards and practices in substations and switchyard design. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 3. The electric power substation, whether generating station or transmission and distribution, remains one of the most challenging and exciting fields of electric power engineering. Power system structure the typical power system structure is shown in fig. Fundamentals of electrical substations and switchgear. The key steps in the substation designing include switchingsystem, planning and placing of equipment, selection of components as well as ordering, support of engineers, structural design, the design of electrical layout, protection of relay, and major apparatus ratings. A number of outcoming feeders are connected to the substation bus to carry power from the substation to points of service. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system.
The substation design manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but rather to act as a reference document that crossreferences existing standards and process documentation and plugs any gaps where asset management documentation does not exist. An electrical substation is an assemblage of electrical components including busbars, switchgear, power transformers, auxiliaries etc. Busbars receive power from incoming circuits and deliver power to outgoing circuits. Its main function is to receive energy transmitted at high. The components are interconnected such that creating a sequence of a circuit capable to be switched off while running on normal operation through manual commands while in emergency situations. This article discusses electrical substation components namely lightning arrestor, insulator, relay, capacitor bank, switchyard, busbar, transformers. The function of a substation is to transform voltage to a lower or higher level of. Electric substations are one of the parts of power system and are used for transferring power from the generating point to load centers. Various incoming and outgoing circuits are connected to busbars. It also is used to change ac voltages from one level to another, andor change alternating current to direct current or direct current to alternating current. It is used to switch generators, equipment, and circuits or lines in and out of a system. Tikhodeev encyclopedia of life support systems eolss into substation equipment systems.
Transmission system components a variety of components are required to successfully deliver electricity from generating stations to local residential and commercial areas. There are four major types of electric substations. Advances in substation equipment technology have led to increased unit capacity, smaller size, and environmental preservation. Electrical utilities and substation design autodesk. An electrical substation is the component of a power system with which voltages are transformed for the transmission, distribution, transformation and switching of power. The small capacitors usually used in electronics are often measured in microfarads and nanofarads. The electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. The electrical substation is the part of a power system in which the voltage is transformed from high to low or low to high for transmission, distribution, transformation and switching. This bulletin is an update and revision of previous rea bulletin 651, design guide for rural substations revised june 1978. Electrical grids energy is generated and used constantly in the same amounts.
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